Of course, investing isn't for everyone, and it's crucial to be aware that capital is at risk with investments. Nevertheless, for those who decide it's an avenue that's right for them, it may be they opt to reflect on Warren Buffett and his success.
Mr Khalaf highlighted five Buffetisms, but it's important to be aware investments carry risk, and the suggestions shouldn't be relied on by consumers.
Don’t ‘diworsify’
“‘Diversification is protection against ignorance’ according to Buffet, and ‘makes little sense for those who know what they’re doing.’
"Looking down the list of Berkshire Hathaway holdings, it’s clear that Buffett does practice diversification to some extent, but he also invests with conviction," Mr Khalaf said.
"UK investors should be wary of diworsification in their portfolios, particularly from closet tracker funds which hug an index and charge active fees for doing so.
"These funds are long term destroyers of wealth and should be weeded out in favour of low cost tracker funds, or truly active funds.
"Buffett’s point is, that if you are going to invest selectively, you should know enough to do it with conviction, and that is something UK investors should demand from their active funds.
"If your fund is diversified across most stocks in the market and is charging fees for active management, it’s time to vote with your feet.”
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Beware cryptocurrencies
“Buffett doesn’t like cryptocurrencies, reportedly calling Bitcoin ‘rat poison squared’ and stating in 2018 that cryptocurrencies ‘will come to a bad ending.’
"This is an extreme view, but such is the nature of investing in cryptocurrency, that extremes, both bad and good, must be counted as distinctly possible outcomes.
"Investors who do decide to invest in cryptocurrency should therefore only do so with a small part of their overall portfolio they are willing to lose.
"Buffett believes Bitcoin has no intrinsic value, and it’s hard to mount a challenge to that view, particularly in a world where payment technologies have already made money highly digital.
"Buffett holds a similar view of gold, though that does make Berkshire Hathaway’s 2020 purchase of the mining company Barrick Gold somewhat puzzling.
"Inconsistency or enigma, depending on your point of view, is only to be expected for an investor whose words and actions have been pored over for decades.”
Use trackers
“Buffett’s advocacy of tracker funds is another curiosity, and doesn’t on the face of it make a lot of sense for a man who’s made a fortune through active money management.
"In the 2016 Berkshire Hathaway report Buffett wrote ‘when trillions of dollars are managed by Wall Streeters charging high fees, it will usually be the managers who reap outsize profits, not the clients. Both large and small investors should stick with low-cost index funds.’
“The point is well made, albeit by an active manager, and UK investors today have a wealth of low cost passive funds which can serve as the basic building blocks of a portfolio.
"However there are some areas where active management can certainly add value, for instance in smaller companies and income investing.
"While, as a whole, active managers might not be able to beat the market, there are some exceptional fund managers who have demonstrated an ability to outperform over the long term.
"As Buffett concedes in the same report ‘there are, or course, some skilled individuals who are highly likely to out-perform the S&P over long stretches.’ UK investors don’t need to choose exclusively between active and passive approaches, and would generally be sensible to have a mix of both in their portfolios.”
Roll up dividends
“Buffett likes to receive dividends, but Berkshire Hathaway doesn’t pay one. As he wrote in 2013: ‘A number of Berkshire shareholders…. would like Berkshire to pay a cash dividend. It puzzles them that we relish the dividends we receive from most of the stocks that Berkshire owns, but pay out nothing ourselves.’
"Part of the rationale is Buffett has plenty of opportunities to reinvest the dividends he receives within his portfolio, unlike the companies paying the dividend, which are generally limited to the industries they operate in.
“UK investors are in the same boat as Buffett on this one.
"The dividends they receive from their holdings can be reinvested in the same funds and companies that generate them, or reallocated elsewhere in the portfolio, to top up existing positions, or establish new ones.
"The long term benefits of rolling up dividends is clear, particularly when investing in a market as high yielding as the UK.
"Over the last twenty years, the FTSE All Share has returned 39 percent without dividends included, and 178 percent with dividends reinvested.”
Growth and value are ‘joined at the hip’
“Buffett is well-known for being a value investor, a style which has been out of favour for the last ten years, and which is commonly contrasted with growth investing.
"But as Buffett remarks in his 1992 Chairman’s letter, ‘the two approaches are joined at the hip. Growth is always a component in the calculation of value.’
"This explains how a so-called value investor like Buffet comes to own a large chunk of Apple, a tech stock more commonly associated with a growth investment style.
"Buffett’s point is that to arrive at an estimate of the intrinsic value of a company, you need to understand its growth prospects.
“This observation is particularly pertinent at the moment, as since the arrival of vaccines, value stocks have started to outperform growth, bucking a decade long trend.
"Buffett’s perspective suggests that value and growth are not mutually exclusive at a stock level, and extrapolating somewhat, nor are they at a fund manager level.
"There is a spectrum, with some stocks exhibiting higher levels of value characteristics, and others more growth characteristics. Likewise most fund managers incorporate both value and growth considerations to different extents, and consequently end up being characterised as growth or value investors.
"Take for instance the most recent posterchild for growth investing in the UK, Terry Smith, whose mantra is ‘buy good companies, don’t overpay, do nothing.’ The Fundsmith principle of not overpaying clearly speaks to some consideration of value, alongside an analysis of the quality of the underlying business.
“Growth and value factors can each be expected to have their day in the sun, and indeed, the outperformance of one compared to the other can last for a long time.
"Investors should have a blend of styles along the value and growth spectrum, so that whichever way the wind is blowing, their portfolio is making ground.”
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